Media Influence

 

Mattox v. United States
146 U.S. 140 (1892).

Murder conviction reversed because detailed newspaper article about case was read to jury in jury room, and because bailiff remarked to jury that this was third person defendant had killed. Jurors permitted to testify about extraneous influences in jury room.



United States v. Chandhadara
230 F.3d 1237 (10th Cir. 2000) cert. denied, Chanthadara v. U.S., 122 S.Ct. 457 (2001).

In federal death penalty case, while jury was out, judge referred to theory of defense as "bogus" and "a smoke screen," reporters were present, and jury was ultimately exposed to article with judge's comments. Court found no effect on guilt verdict because of strength of government's case but presumes prejudice on penalty and government fails to overcome presumption.



Nevers v. Killinger
169 F.3d 352 (6th Cir. 1999)
cert. denied, Killinger v. Nevers 527 U.S. 1004 (1999).

Second-degree murder conviction vacated on habeas following trial of white police officer for beating black man to death; trial court had refused to grant hearing or mistrial after learning that jury had considered extraneous information about defendant's alleged involvement in undercover police unit rumored to harass black men; viewed movie "Malcolm X" which included video of Rodney King beating; and heard news report about preparations for riot in anticipation of verdict; federal court found state court's finding of harmless error unreasonable and contrary to law under AEDPA, holding that exposure to extraneous evidence, especially about undercover police unit, went directly to defendant's credibility which was focus of trial.



United States v. Martinez
14 F.3d 543 (11th Cir. 1994)
.

Remand required where jury deliberations tainted by extrinsic evidence, including watching news accounts on television, awareness of publicity, and regularly bringing newspapers into jury room, and because a juror informed other jurors that defendant faced 160 years imprisonment.



United States v. Aragon
962 F.2d 439 (5th Cir. 1992)
.

Jurors in drug conspiracy case were exposed to prejudicial news article detailing defendant's prior criminal record; district court denial of defendant's request to poll jury to determine article's prejudicial effect was reversible error.



Bulger v. McClay
575 F.2d 407 (2nd Cir. 1978), cert. denied, Ward v. Bulger
439 U.S. 915, 99 S.Ct. 290, 58 L.Ed.2d 263 (1978)
.

Reversal required where juror admitted that he had changed his vote after another juror mentioned contents of newspaper article published over weekend; article contained defendant's address, which was distant from crime scene and made his excuse for being in area improbable.



United States v. Thomas
463 F.2d 1061 (7th Cir. 1972)
.

Mail fraud conviction was reversed and remanded for a new trial because trial judge failed to investigate information that jurors had prejudicial news accounts containing references to inadmissible evidence in their possession and some jurors used this information to convince other jurors of the defendant's guilt.



United States v. Kum Seng Seo
300 F.2d 623 (3rd Cir. 1962)
.

Conviction for receiving and concealing heroin was reversed and remanded for a new trial because juror introduced news accounts of defendant's incarceration and high bail of $100,000 and that the heroin was found in the defendant's room shortly before a vote was taken.



United States v. Gaffney
676 F.Supp. 1544 (M.D. Fla. 1987)
.

Court reversed a mail extortion conviction and granted motion for a new trial on a variety of juror misconduct grounds, including media influence when jurors read and discussed newspaper articles of the trial during their service as jurors on the case. Court further held that these cases would be addressed on an ad hoc basis.

U.S. v. Posner,
644 F.Supp. 885 (S.D.Fla. 1986 )
.

Motion for new trial granted in tax evasion case because jurors received extrinsic information during both trial and deliberations, including fact of codefendant’s conviction; jury foreperson also read news accounts of trial and one juror visited property site on which charges depended.

Marshall v. State,
854 So.2d 1235 (Fla. 2003 )

In death penalty case, the post-conviction court erred by summarily denying juror misconduct claim where it was alleged that a woman called defense counsel post-trial claiming to have been a juror at petitioner’s trial and stating, among other things, that some jurors told racial jokes about petitioner, some jurors said they would vote to convict and for a life sentence so that petitioner could be returned to prison to kill more black inmates, and that some jurors read and discussed outside articles concerning the trial.

Stroud v. State,
787 N.E.2d 430 (Ind. App. 2003 )

In drug prosecution, the trial court abused its discretion in denying defendant’s motion for a mistrial after the court contaminated the entire jury by having jurors who had been exposed to a prejudicial news article describe the contents of the article in front of the other jurors, and then failed to expressly admonish the jurors not to consider the information from the article. In finding prejudice, the appellate court noted that the article informed the jury that the defendant had previously been convicted of committing a similar offense, that the defendant was currently charged with a triple homicide, and that the defendant had engaged in egregious inappropriate and antisocial behavior during prior criminal proceedings. Also significant to the court is the fact that the jury was exposed to the article early in the case.

Commonwealth v. Fredette,
776 N.E.2d 464 (Mass. App. 2002 )

Trial court abused its discretion in refusing to grant mistrial where eleven jurors and one alternate read newspaper article indicating that defendant in narcotics trial on which jurors sat also faced separate murder trial; trial court had previously barred the prosecution from admitting evidence relating to the murder charge.

Guam v. Castro,
2002 WL 31663293 (Guam Terr. Nov. 27, 2002) (unreported )

New trial for manslaughter properly granted where jurors received information about prior manslaughter charge of defendant’s from print and televised news and from coworkers.

Hodge v. Commonwealth,
68 S.W.3d 338 (Ky. 2001 )

Remand for full evidentiary hearing where defendant in robbery/murder case alleged that prosecutor visited jurors daily; jurors were provided with newspapers and alcohol; jurors decided on guilt before deliberations began; and other jury tampering occurred.

State v. Bisaccia,
724 A.2d 836 (N.J. Super. Ct. App. Div. 1999 )

Trial court erred in refusing to grant mistrial or order inquiry in racketeering trial despite numerous allegations of misconduct, including jury’s exposure to newspapers in deliberation room; judge’s ex parte communication with juror who indicated he could not be fair; and jurors’ expressed concerns about being followed by man from courtroom. Hearing is ordered. If a hearing is not possible given the six years since the trial was held, a retrial will be required.

State v. Myers
603 N.W.2d 390 (Neb. 1999)
.

Trial court abused its discretion in refusing to grant mistrial where eleven jurors and one alternate read newspaper article indicating that defendant in narcotics trial on which jurors sat also faced separate murder trial; trial court had previously barred the prosecution from admitting evidence relating to the murder charge.



Province v. Center for Women's Health
25 Cal. Rptr.2d 667 (Cal. App.2. Dist. 1993)
.

Reversed where jurors discussed newspaper article as making the decision "clear cut" in negligence action.



People v. Holloway
790 P.2d 1327 (Cal. 1990)
.

Capital case. Conviction for murders, armed robbery and attempted rape with a punishment of death was reversed and remanded for retrial because juror read news accounts detailing defendant's prior assault of a woman with a hammer. Defendant's prior was excluded from trial because prejudice was found to be greater than probity with respect to this conviction.



State v. Harvey
730 S.W.2d 271 (Mo. Ct. App. 1987)
.

Capital case. The court ordered a remand for a hearing when, in this capital case, jurors deliberately reconnected television and radio wires in their hotel rooms after these wires had been disconnected to prevent jurors from exposure to news media influences during the trial.



People v. Andrews
196 Cal. Rptr. 796 (Cal. Ct. App. 1983)
.

Conviction for robbery, assault and unlawful taking of vehicle was reversed and remanded for a new trial because jurors inadvertently viewed news account of a co-defendant's guilty plea.



State v. Salters
257 S.E.2d 502 (S.C. 1967)
.

The court reversed and remanded a conviction for arson, conspiracy to commit arson and intent to defraud an insurance company because jurors had read news accounts of charges against defendant for which he was not then on trial.