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18 USC Sec. 2281
01/26/98
TITLE 18 - CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE
PART I - CRIMES
CHAPTER 111 - SHIPPING
HEADING
Sec. 2281. Violence against maritime fixed platforms
STATUTE
(a) Offenses. -
(1) In general. - A person who unlawfully and intentionally -
(A) seizes or exercises control over a fixed platform by force or threat thereof or any other form of intimidation;
(B) performs an act of violence against a person on board a fixed platform if that act is likely to endanger its safety;
(C) destroys a fixed platform or causes damage to it which is likely to endanger its safety;
(D) places or causes to be placed on a fixed platform, by any means whatsoever, a device or substance which is likely to
destroy that fixed platform or likely to endanger its safety;
(E) injures or kills any person in connection with the commission or the attempted commission of any of the offenses
set forth in subparagraphs (A) through (D); or
(F) attempts or conspires to do anything prohibited under subparagraphs (A) through (E),
shall be fined under this title, imprisoned not more than 20 years, or both; and if death results to any person from conduct
prohibited by this paragraph, shall be punished by death or imprisoned for any term of years or for life.
(2) Threat to safety. - A person who threatens to do anything
prohibited under paragraph (1)(B) or (C), with apparent determination and will to carry the threat into execution, if the
threatened act is likely to endanger the safety of the fixed platform, shall be fined under this title, imprisoned not more
than 5 years, or both.
(b) Jurisdiction. - There is jurisdiction over the activity prohibited in subsection (a) if -
(1) such activity is committed against or on board a fixed
platform -
(A) that is located on the continental shelf of the United States;
(B) that is located on the continental shelf of another country, by a national of the United States or by a stateless
person whose habitual residence is in the United States; or
(C) in an attempt to compel the United States to do or abstain from doing any act;
(2) during the commission of such activity against or on board
a fixed platform located on a continental shelf, a national of the United States is seized, threatened, injured or killed; or
(3) such activity is committed against or on board a fixed platform located outside the United States and beyond the
continental shelf of the United States and the offender is later found in the United States.
(c) Bar To Prosecution. - It is a bar to Federal prosecution under subsection (a) for conduct that occurred within the United
States that the conduct involved was during or in relation to a labor dispute, and such conduct is prohibited as a felony under the
law of the State in which it was committed. For purposes of this section, the term ''labor dispute'' has the meaning set forth in
section 2(c) (FOOTNOTE 1) of the Norris-LaGuardia Act, as amended (29 U.S.C. 113(c)), and the term ''State'' means a State of the
United States, the District of Columbia, and any commonwealth, territory, or possession of the United States.
(FOOTNOTE 1) So in original. Probably should be section
''13(c)''.
(d) Definitions. - In this section -
''continental shelf'' means the sea-bed and subsoil of the submarine areas that extend beyond a country's territorial sea to
the limits provided by customary international law as reflected in Article 76 of the 1982 Convention on the Law of the Sea.
''fixed platform'' means an artificial island, installation or structure permanently attached to the sea-bed for the purpose of
exploration or exploitation of resources or for other economic purposes.
''national of the United States'' has the meaning stated in section 101(a)(22) of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8
U.S.C. 1101(a)(22)).
''territorial sea of the United States'' means all waters extending seaward to 12 nautical miles from the baselines of the
United States determined in accordance with international law.
''United States'', when used in a geographical sense, includes the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the Commonwealth of the Northern
Mariana Islands and all territories and possessions of the United States.
SOURCE
(Added Pub. L. 103-322, title VI, Sec. 60019(a), Sept. 13, 1994,
108 Stat. 1977; amended Pub. L. 104-132, title VII, Sec. 723(a)(1), Apr. 24, 1996, 110 Stat. 1300; Pub. L. 104-294, title VI, Sec.
607(p), Oct. 11, 1996, 110 Stat. 3513.)
MISCELLANEOUS
AMENDMENTS
1996 - Subsec. (a)(1)(F). Pub. L. 104-132 inserted ''or conspires'' after ''attempts''.
Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 104-294 inserted before period at end '',
and the term 'State' means a State of the United States, the District of Columbia, and any commonwealth, territory, or
possession of the United States''.
EFFECTIVE DATE
Section effective Mar. 6, 1995, see section 60019(c)(1), (2)(B)
of Pub. L. 103-322, set out as a note under section 2280 of this title.
SECTION REFERRED TO IN OTHER SECTIONS
This section is referred to in sections 1956, 2332b, 2339A, 3286,
3592 of this title.
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